The Nagaland Department of Soil & Water Conservation has highlighted the severe environmental impact of uncontrolled rat-hole and opencast coal mining, particularly in the districts of Wokha, Mon, Mokokchung, Longleng, and Tuensang. The report warns that Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) from abandoned mines has polluted water sources and degraded surrounding ecosystems.
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is the outflow of highly acidic water from coal and metal mines. It occurs when sulphide minerals, such as pyrite, react with air and water, producing sulphuric acid that dissolves toxic heavy metals and contaminates nearby rivers, streams, and groundwater.
APSC Relevance: Environment; Geography.
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