Indian and American Federalism

Which of the following is/are common feature(s) of both the Indian and American Federalism?

(i) Single citizenship
(ii) Three lists of division of powers in the Constitution
(iii) Dual Judiciary
(iv) The Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(A) (i) and (iv) only
(B) (i), (ii) and (iii) only
(C) (i), (ii) and (iv) only
(D) (iv) only

 Correct Answer: (D) (iv) only

 Analysis:
Let’s examine each statement one by one:

(i) Single Citizenship – Not common

India provides for single citizenship (Indian citizen only).

USA allows dual citizenship – one at the federal level and one at the state level.

 Not common to both.

(ii) Three lists of division of powers – Not common

India follows three lists: Union, State, and Concurrent List (7th Schedule).

USA uses a two-fold division: Powers are either delegated to the federal government or reserved for the states.

 Not common to both.

(iii) Dual Judiciary – Not common

USA has a dual judiciary: separate systems for federal and state matters.

India has a single integrated judiciary (even though federal in structure).

 Not common to both.

(iv) Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution – Common

Both India and USA empower the Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution and act as the guardian of the Constitution.