(GS III – Environment; International Conventions; Infrastructure)
What is HKC?
The Hong Kong Convention (HKC) is an international treaty adopted in 2009 under the International Maritime Organization (IMO). It aims to ensure the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships at the end of their operational lives.
Objectives
Prevent health hazards to shipbreaking workers.
Reduce environmental pollution caused by ship dismantling.
Control and manage hazardous materials (like asbestos, heavy metals, hydrocarbons).
Ensure safe waste disposal and recycling processes.
Key Provisions
- Inventory of Hazardous Materials (IHM):
Mandatory onboard all ships to list materials posing risks to health or the environment.
- Ship Recycling Plan (SRP):
Must be prepared and approved prior to dismantling a ship.
- Authorized Recycling Facilities:
Only certified yards complying with safety and environmental standards can carry out ship recycling.
- Recycling Completion Certificate:
Must be issued within 14 days after completion of the recycling process.
- Third-Party Audits:
Recognized organizations (classification societies) conduct audits and certifications to ensure compliance.
Significance for India
India is a major hub for ship recycling (e.g., Alang in Gujarat).
India ratified the HKC in 2023, enhancing its global credibility and aligning domestic practices with international standards.
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