1. Which of the following best describes the concept of “social space”?
A. A physical location occupied by a community.
B. A socially constructed space influenced by cultural, economic, and political processes.
C. A virtual network for social interaction.
D. A geographical area based on natural resources.
Answer: B
2. The “Demographic Dividend” is achieved when:
A. The population growth rate becomes zero.
B. A country has more elderly people than youth.
C. The working-age population outnumbers dependents.
D. Birth rates exceed death rates.
Answer: C
3. The term “ethnic enclave” refers to:
A. A region dominated by industrial activities.
B. An urban area with high concentration of an ethnic group.
C. A rural settlement divided into castes.
D. A zone of conflict between two ethnic groups.
Answer: B
4. The “Rank-Size Rule” in urban geography suggests:
A. Cities are evenly distributed across a country.
B. The population of a city is inversely proportional to its rank.
C. Urban settlements are spatially organized in a hierarchy.
D. A country’s largest city is twice the size of its second-largest city.
Answer: B
5. Which theory explains the relationship between migration and development?
A. Dependency Theory
B. Zelinsky’s Mobility Transition Theory
C. Central Place Theory
D. World Systems Theory
Answer: B
6. Which of the following is an example of “spatial segregation”?
A. High-rise buildings in urban areas.
B. Separation of residential areas based on race or income.
C. Intermixing of cultural groups in urban neighborhoods.
D. Urban sprawl into rural areas.
Answer: B
7. The concept of “sense of place” in human geography refers to:
A. A geographical location with historical significance.
B. The emotional attachment people have to a specific place.
C. The physical layout of urban settlements.
D. The economic value of a particular region.
Answer: B
8. The term “counter-urbanization” is characterized by:
A. Movement of people from rural to urban areas.
B. Population decline in urban areas as people migrate to rural areas.
C. Rapid urban growth in developing countries.
D. Expansion of urban areas into rural landscapes.
Answer: B
9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a primate city?
A. It dominates the country economically and politically.
B. It has more than double the population of the second-largest city.
C. It follows the rank-size rule.
D. It serves as a cultural and economic hub.
Answer: C
10. The Human Development Index (HDI) includes which of the following components?
A. Literacy rate, life expectancy, and GDP per capita.
B. Employment rate, gender equality, and life expectancy.
C. Income inequality, population growth rate, and literacy rate.
D. Population density, education level, and unemployment rate.
Answer: A
11. Which of the following is an example of a cultural landscape?
A. A national park.
B. A historical monument in a city.
C. A desert ecosystem.
D. An uninhabited island.
Answer: B
12. The “urban-rural fringe” refers to:
A. Areas within the city center.
B. Transitional zones between urban and rural regions.
C. Regions solely dependent on agriculture.
D. Marginalized areas within urban settlements.
Answer: B
13. Which of the following theories explains the distribution of services in a region?
A. Malthusian Theory
B. Central Place Theory
C. Dependency Theory
D. Spatial Interaction Model
Answer: B
14. In social geography, the “feminization of poverty” refers to:
A. Increased migration of women to urban centers.
B. Women being more likely to experience poverty than men.
C. Growth of female-headed households in rural areas.
D. Decrease in economic opportunities for women.
Answer: B
15. Which factor is considered a “push factor” in migration?
A. Better healthcare facilities in urban areas.
B. Employment opportunities in another country.
C. Political instability and conflict in the origin region.
D. Access to quality education abroad.
Answer: C
16. Gentrification in urban areas often leads to:
A. The displacement of low-income residents.
B. An increase in urban sprawl.
C. Development of new industrial zones.
D. Increased rural-to-urban migration.
Answer: A
17. The “core-periphery model” explains:
A. Population density patterns in rural regions.
B. Economic inequalities between developed and developing regions.
C. The growth of megacities in developing nations.
D. Urban planning in peripheral areas of cities.
Answer: B
18. Which of the following is a characteristic of informal settlements?
A. Planned housing infrastructure.
B. Legally obtained land ownership.
C. Absence of basic services like water and sanitation.
D. High levels of literacy and employment.
Answer: C
19. Social capital in the context of social geography refers to:
A. Economic resources in a community.
B. Networks, relationships, and trust among individuals in a community.
C. The cultural practices of a specific group.
D. The natural resources available to a region.
Answer: B
20. Which of the following best describes the term “urban heat island”?
A. The heating of the earth’s core due to urbanization.
B. The increased temperature in urban areas compared to rural surroundings.
C. The effect of global warming on cities near the equator.
D. A zone in cities that experiences constant rainfall.
Answer: B
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