1. Early Roots and Spread:
- The origins of Buddhism in ancient Assam trace back to Thera Dhitika, a disciple active during Emperor Ashoka’s reign.
- Ashoka’s missionary efforts led to the propagation of Buddhism in Kamarupa and nearby regions.
2. Archaeological and Literary Evidence:
- Both literary sources and archaeological findings support the presence of Buddhism in ancient Assam.
- These discoveries highlight Buddhist influence through monastic structures and inscriptions.
3. Tibetan and Mahayana Influence:
- The founder of Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana) is believed to have passed away in Hajo, Assam.
- Nagarjuna, an influential Mahayana philosopher, is said to have constructed a Caitya (memorial shrine) in Hajo during the 1st–2nd century AD.
- By the 3rd–4th century, this site likely evolved into the Hayagriva-Madhava Temple, now a major Hindu pilgrimage centre, reflecting religious syncretism.
4. Contested Evidence During Bhaskarvarman’s Reign:
- Some scholars argue no clear evidence of Buddhism exists during Kumar Bhaskarvarman’s time.
- Others, citing Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang, suggest Buddhism was practised in secrecy.
- Notably, Bhaskarvarman participated in a Buddhist assembly at Kanuaj alongside Hiuen Tsang and the Chinese emperor, indicating diplomatic and religious ties.
5. Cultural Syncretism:
- The transformation of Buddhist sites into Hindu temples like Hayagriva-Madhava reflects fluid religious identities and cultural assimilation in Assam.
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