• Nature: Agrarian struggle led by muzharas (landless tenant farmers) in Punjab.
  • Aim: To secure land ownership rights and end exploitation by feudal landlords (biswedars).
  • Timeline:
    • Origin: 1930s under British rule.
    • Peak: Post-independence, especially in PEPSU (Patiala and East Punjab States Union).
  • Background of Muzharas:
    • Former small landowners who lost land due to colonial land revenue policies.
    • Became tenant cultivators, compelled to share one-third of their produce with landlords.
    • Lived under severe social and economic oppression.
  • Significance: One of the earliest organized rural movements in post-independence India, highlighting issues of land reforms and tenant rights.

Published by Pragyanxetu

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