Science and Health
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Frederick J. Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their pioneering work on peripheral immune tolerance.
In 1995, Shimon Sakaguchi discovered regulatory T cells (Tregs), a special class of immune cells that function like “police officers” of the immune system. These cells prevent other immune cells from attacking the body’s own healthy tissues.
Experiments showed that when the thymus was removed in baby mice, they developed autoimmune diseases. However, when normal T cells were reintroduced, the mice recovered — proving that such regulatory cells safeguard the body from self-destruction.
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