International Affairs
The European Union’s top official has warned that Russia is carrying out a “targeted gray zone campaign” against Europe, involving airspace violations, sabotage, and cyberattacks. These activities, if left unchecked, are expected to escalate further.
The concept of the “gray zone” refers to the realm of international relations that lies between peaceful diplomacy and open armed conflict. It includes coercive or subversive actions—such as disinformation, cyber warfare, or economic pressure—designed to achieve strategic goals while avoiding direct war.
Analysts note that gray zone activities are set to become a dominant feature of great power competition due to weakening international norms, the rise of new domains like cyberspace, and the perception that such strategies offer comparative advantages without provoking full-scale conflict. This highlights the challenges Europe faces in responding to hybrid threats from Russia.
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