Kibbutzim (plural of Kibbutz) are collective settlements in Israel traditionally founded on shared ownership, cooperative economic activities and communal living. Originally centred on agriculture, these communities emphasize equality, collective responsibility and mutual support among members.
Under the traditional kibbutz system, property and resources are collectively managed, while members contribute through agricultural, industrial or technological activities. Communities historically provided essential services such as housing, education, healthcare and food. Over time, many kibbutzim have adopted privatized economic arrangements while retaining elements of cooperative living.
APSC Relevance: World Geography, Cooperative Economy
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