The India–Nepal border dispute is a long-standing territorial issue primarily involving the Kalapani–Limpiyadhura–Lipulekh region in the western sector and Susta in the eastern sector. These areas remain points of disagreement regarding boundary demarcation between the two countries.
Recently, Kathmandu Mayor Balen Shah sparked political debate in Nepal by suggesting that Nepal had also encroached upon certain Indian territories, a statement that challenged the conventional narrative surrounding the dispute.
India and Nepal share an open international border of about 1,850 km, passing through five Indian states—Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim. The border facilitates deep people-to-people ties, trade and cultural exchanges, while also making accurate demarcation important for regional security and bilateral relations.
APSC Relevance: India’s neighbourhood relations, international boundaries and South Asian geopolitics.
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