APSC Mains Enrichment Notes
Science & Technology – Ethics in AI
The “black box” in Artificial Intelligence refers to a system, often a deep learning or complex machine learning model, whose decision-making process is not visible or understandable to humans. Inputs go in, outputs come out, but the internal reasoning remains hidden. This lack of transparency poses risks to accountability, fairness, and trust, particularly in high-stakes areas such as governance, law enforcement, healthcare, and finance. Explainable AI aims to address this issue by making the model’s reasoning clear, enabling stakeholders to understand, audit, and validate decisions. This approach aligns AI deployment with ethical standards, legal compliance, and societal trust.
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