Environment and Economy
Rat-hole mining is widespread in the Northeastern states, particularly in Meghalaya, due to the region’s unique geographical, social, and economic factors.
The coal seams are very thin, making large-scale open-cast mining uneconomical. The coal itself contains high levels of sulfur, lowering its quality and reducing interest from big investors.
In Meghalaya, where the Sixth Schedule applies, land is mostly under private tribal ownership. This allows local individuals to carry out mining independently, without the need for large companies or significant capital.
For many locals, these mines act as quick sources of income and employment, despite the risks. This dependence makes the practice persist, even though it is banned due to safety and environmental concerns.
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