APSC Mains Enrichment Notes
Environment & Ecology
M.S. Swaminathan highlighted mangroves as natural shields against sea-level rise and cyclones at the 1989 Tokyo Conference. He promoted sustainable mangrove management through ecology, economics, and equity, and proposed using mangrove genes to develop salt-tolerant crops. As co-founder and first president of ISME, he advanced global awareness through the World Mangrove Atlas and the Charter for Mangroves. He supported the Global Mangrove Database (GLOMIS) and guided the creation of Mangrove Genetic Resource Centres across countries, linking conservation with climate adaptation and livelihoods
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