Topic distribution. Inorganic and coordination chemistry is the largest block, roughly a quarter of the paper. It covers complex geometries and isomerism, crystal field stabilization energy, EAN rule, orbital angular momentum, d-orbital energy order, hybridization, solubility products, metal-ion roles in biology, and the chemistry of iron, gold and chromium. Organic chemistry is close behind, with named reactions (Wurtz, Gabriel, aspirin synthesis, Rosenmund-type reduction), carbonyl IR stretching, sugar chemistry (glycosidic linkages, osazones, reducing sugars), stereochemistry and conformation, and polymers such as nylon and polylactic acid. Physical chemistry, including kinetics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, colligative and solution behaviour, and gas equations, takes another large share.
Modern and applied strand. A distinctive feature is a cluster of questions on computational chemistry and modern analytical tools: molecular docking, self-consistent field procedures in HF and DFT, steered molecular dynamics, diffuse basis functions, potential energy surfaces, molecular modelling in materials science, and turnover frequency. Analytical methods also feature, with chromatography types, Beer-Lambert law validity, BET surface area, gravimetric analysis and IR activity.
Smaller areas. Solid-state chemistry (crystal systems, close packing, spinel structures), semiconductors, industrial processes (contact process, iron extraction, Ostwald-style catalysts), and biochemistry (muscle fatigue, haemoglobin-type proteins, enzymes such as zymase) each appear a handful of times. Basic chemistry such as the Laporte rule, Curie’s law and Raoult’s deviations is tested in short conceptual form.
Difficulty and style. Most items are one-step recall or single-concept application, though several need a short calculation: rate-constant units for fractional order, Kp to Kc conversion, equivalent conductance, pH change, the molar fraction in a hexagonal close-packed lattice, Carnot efficiency, and a crystal field calculation. Some questions need two or three steps of reasoning, particularly the stereochemistry, sugar and multistep organic items, which reward careful drawing and a clear method.
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