APSC JDO 2025: Pangenome of Asian Rice

What is a Pangenome?

• A comprehensive collection of genome sequences from multiple individuals of the same species.
• Captures entire genetic diversity—includes:
  • Core genes: Shared by all individuals
  • Accessory/unique genes: Present only in some individuals
• Use: Reference for comparing individual genomes to identify variations linked to traits, disease resistance, etc.

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Asian Rice Pangenome

• Created from 144 wild and cultivated rice varieties across Asia.
• Offers a broad genetic map of Asian rice.
• Helps in identifying genes linked to:
  • Yield improvement
  • Disease resistance
  • Climate resilience

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Significance for India

• India’s Rice Stats (2024–25):
  • Production: 220 million tonnes
  • Area: 51,000 hectares
  • Yield: 4.2 tonnes/hectare
• Why Important:
  • India is a major rice producer
  • Helps develop better rice varieties suited to Indian climates
  • Supports food security and sustainable agriculture

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